A full history of constitutional change in Australia, this analysis examines the nations referendum record and explains why referendum approvals have been so rare. Did it influence them strongly? "We belong here, we are of the old ways. Sir Robert Gordon (Bob) Menzies (1894-1978), prime minister and barrister, was born on 20 December 1894 at Jeparit, Victoria, fourth of five children of Australian-born parents James Menzies, storekeeper, and his wife Kate, ne Sampson. The proceedings of the Federal Womens Committee tell us how senior Liberal women combined the very modern, the idealism of postwar reconstruction and the very traditional. Another important feature was the involvement of the organisation in its preparation. Can I get copies of items from the Library? They believed that their party was national and not sectional, inclusive and not exclusive. The Victorian Division fought Ritchie over the right of federal officers to raise funds from sources already used by the states. Sir Robert Menzies was elected Prime Minister of Australia in 1949 and maintained leadership for sixteen years. Robert Menzies: 1894-1943 In doing so, I am principally concerned with the organisation rather than the parliamentary party. What did the new party stand for, and how was it different? Tom Ritchie insisted that the Liberals did not merely represent capital, and that all Australians were working men and women. Sir Robert Menzies, in full Sir Robert Gordon Menzies, (born Dec. 20, 1894, Jeparit, Victoria, Austl.died May 15, 1978, Melbourne), statesman who, as prime minister of Australia (1939-41, 1949-66), strengthened military ties with the United States and fostered industrial growth and immigration from Europe.. Menzies gave up a highly successful law practice in Victoria to serve in the . Electoral success in the following eight to ten months would depend on the Liberals capacity to counter government generosity. Biography - Sir Robert Gordon (Bob) Menzies - Australian The Forgotten Menzies makes an important contribution to the history of political thought and ideology in Australia, as to understanding the largely forgotten but rich intellectual origins of the Liberal Party. Robert Menzies | World War II Database This book about crime, law, power, and social issues in Canada includes contributions from academics, legal practitioners, journalists, and social activists who have been studying and struggling for years against the abuse of power in For a free, just and prosperous Australia, God & Menzies: The Faith that Shaped a Prime Minister and his Nation. When the New South Wales Country Party rejected marriage, Spooner went to war, backing rural Liberals who had opened branches in Country Party strongholds. And, by opening branches in, and threatening to contest, Country Party seats, Liberals in four states fought Menzies who wanted the party to concentrate on those rural areas where the Country Party was not strong. Sir Robert Gordon Menzies, KT, AK, CH, QC, FAA, FRS (/ m n z i z /; 20 December 1894 - 15 May 1978), was an Australian politician who served as the 12th prime minister of Australia, in office from 1939 to 1941 and again from 1949 to 1966.He played a central role in the creation of the Liberal Party of Australia, defining its policies and its broad outreach. Who was Robert Menzies? - Blog - RMC Nevertheless, although members of the organisation still complained about their lack of influence, this was the first and last occasion during the Menzies leadership when they were substantially consulted on the formulation of policy. He acquired the Aberdeen Carolina & Western in 1987 from the Aberdeen & Briarpatch Railway. With contributions by leading constitutional lawyers and judges, as well as two former chief justices, this book will appeal to members of the judiciary, lawyers, political scientists, historians and people with a general interest in A. W. Martin is best known as biographer of Sir Henry Parkes, Father of Federation, and Sir Robert Menzies, Australia's longest serving Prime Minister. Extracts from the diary kept by former Prime Minister, Robert Menzies, during his wartime trip to England in 1941. Class was the sensitive issue. The National Library of Australia acknowledges Australias First Nations Peoples the First Australians as the Traditional Owners and Custodians of this land and gives respect to the Elders past and present and through them to all Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are advised that this website contains a range of material which may be considered culturally sensitive including the records of people who have passed away. It comes as the Robert Menzies Institute opened at the University of Melbourne, where Menzies studied law and later served as Chancellor. As an Opposition backbencher during the war years, he helped create the Liberal Party and became Leader of the Opposition in 1946. In A Bigger Picture, the bestselling political memoir of 2020, Malcolm Turnbull, Australias 29th prime minister, tells the remarkable story of his life. His watershed election victory in 1949 marked the start an unprecedented period of progress, population growth and rising living standards. The contributors to this important work take a fresh look at Menzies' influence and legacy. Besides, it would be a pity to spoil the symmetry; the year 1994 offers a double excuse for honouring the past and firing up the faithful. Dark and Hurrying Days is the text of a diary kept by Robert Menzies, then Prime Minister of Australia, of his experiences during a wartime trip to England in 1941. The influence of his father's dedication to the community stayed with Menzies through his study and in government. This edition constitutes a small contribution to the discussion on contextualization in Asia that focuses mostly on real examples from various Asian contexts. There is the minor difficulty that no one is quite sure which day in 1944 to commemorate or, for that matter, which month or which occasionthe Canberra conference in October and the Albury conference in December being the principal claimants. He attacked the state-mindedness of the state executives, accusing them of lacking an Australian approach to the problems facing the party and the country. Yet the past exists in order to be selected, manipulated and invoked. Liberals believed in a liberalism which was both individualistic and caring, and saw no conflict between a commitment to one nation and a view of the Australian people as 7 000 000 individuals and not a mere mass to be ordered and legislated about. He held the office twice, from 1939 to 1941 and from 1949 to 1966. Unlike Curtin, Menzies came from a middle class family, taking advantage of the wealth and opportunity afforded by his status and . Liberal Party of Australia, one of the major Australian political parties.In its current form it was founded in 1944-45 by Robert Gordon Menzies.. And for the Liberals, undertaking a fresh start in 1994, important lessons and omens lie in the late 1940s when a re-born non-Labor party recovered from humiliation to achieve the notable victory of 1949, the foundation of 23 years of federal rule. Or was it not a significant factor in what he believed and what he did? The meeting was called by the then Leader of the Opposition (United Australia Party) Robert Menzies. Casey regarded Austral as his great triumph, though he did admit that the commentaries became excessively negative, and thought of enlisting Gwen Meredith of The Lawsons and Blue Hills to add a womans touch. How Did the Australian Government Respond to the Threat of Robert Menzies and Communism by Eggbert Humperdink In addition to his duties as a storekeeper, Menzies' Sir Robert Menzies, 1941. father was also extremely devoted to his community, which he expressed as a lay preacher in the local church and president of the local council. The Forgotten Menzies: The World Picture of Australias Robert Menzies: The Liberal Party Of Australia - 92 Words Successive party officials, however, saw this role mainly in terms of women of talking to, and about, women, and actively discouraged womens sections from passing resolutions on foreign policy or the economy. How was Australia involved? - Anzac Portal I should like to make four brief points in conclusion. The main reason for this lack of confidence was that the formulation of the partys policy was proceeding at the pace of a slow motion picture of an international chess final. In that sense, agreeing with him or not scarcely mattered. Twelve had university qualifications, and 29 were returned servicemen. The renewed confidence of the membership was matched by the increased professionalism of the organisation, itself a further defining factor of the new Liberal Party. Besides, Ritchie and all the senior officials throughout Australia understood the importance of cutting the ties with the business committees which had pulled the strings of the UAP. One conclusion, drawn by the instinctive centralists, was that the party would not become truly national or effective until the Federal Executive had greater power over the states, including an authority over pre-selection. The forebears were Scots on the paternal side and Cornish on the maternal. It is one thing to be Australias longest-serving Prime Minister, but it is quite another to be arguably Australias most important and nation-shaping Prime Minister. Robert Gordon Menzies was Australia's longest serving Prime Minister. As state president, he told the Victorian Division in February 1946 that the Liberals were not a party of independents. According to Menzies, Liberals believed that only from genuinely free, diligent and encouraged individuals can a really powerful nation be built. Not surprisingly, they came to regard themselves as a separate and special group; those who had come to Canberra to thwart the progress of socialism and iron government control, and to advance the cause of freedom. Loyalty, it said, must be the very core of the partys activities. Tackling the Country Party was easier than overcoming another entrenched prejudice. Similarly, the committee dumped a plan to announce publicly that any future health scheme must, in the first place, be acceptable to the medical profession. For Canberra and Alburytogether or separatelyare encased in the Liberal memory. Clearly, to some extent, the FWC in the late 1940s was ahead of the party. Go to National Archives of Australia Australian Prime Ministers, Go to the Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Archives of Australia Australian Prime Ministers, Menzies attitudes towards the war and Australias role in it before his trip, and his political situation within his own party at the time, His attitude to his visit to the Australian troops at Singapore and in the Middle East, His response to experiencing the bombing of London, The policies about the use of Australian troops that he put to Churchill (such as the use of Australian troops in the Greece/Crete campaigns). Secondly, the year also marks what the party calls its 50th birthday. Secondly, Rubensohn suggested that the election could be won or lost on the question of leadership. In January 1949 it passed the following motion brought from New South Wales: That the Liberal Party, when in power, shall review all existing legislation which places so-called de facto wives on the same basis as legal wives, as this recognition of illegal unions strikes at the whole foundation of our social structure. Armed with Rubensohns advice, Casey won Federal Executive approval for the appointment in February 1949 of Stewart Howard as a special public relations adviser to Menzies, to boost him as a statesman with a human face. In 1972 Magnus Cormack, who stood unsuccessfully in 1949, emphasised another common characteristic: I have come to the conclusion that what it was that directed me into politics in that year [1949] was men who had undergone the social struggles that evolved as a result of the great economic depression from 1930 and onwards, plus the fact that nearly all the men who entered Parliament that year were men who had served their country amid the flames of war. In truth it is hard to deny either, and so the interest in his life and career needs no justification. W.H. had joined what he called a crusade to save Australia for free enterprise. The outcome was the ambitious John Henry Austral program launched in July 1948: a 15-minute segment broadcast on 81 commercial stations adding up to 155 sessions a week. The traditional elements were still present: the importance of the British connection, the centrality of the family and of the individual, the role of private enterprise as the principal source of wealth creation, the virtue of self-help and the justice of rewarding individual endeavour. As Boris Schedvin has argued, it enabled non-Labor to grasp the high moral ground for the first time since 1939. Robert Menzies completed his PhD studies (New Testament) at the University of Aberdeen, Scotland, under the supervision of I. Howard Marshall in 1989. The Liberal Party of Australia has recently become very interested in its own history. He should be seen as interested in the things which interest other men. When Britain declared war on Germany in 1939 Prime Minister Robert Menzies declared Australia was also at war. By John Anderson. Her father, Edward, was a Quandamooka man from the Noonuccal Clan from the area around Moreton Bay and Stradbroke Island and her mother, Lucy, was of the Peewee clan from inland Australia. After all, the UAP had no extra-parliamentary organisation outside New South Wales and Victoria; the organisations in those two states hardly functioned outside elections and were dependent for funds on external, and interfering, business committees; there were separate Country parties in four states; and a number of minor non-Labor parties had emerged during the early war years, each claiming a stake in the anti-socialist cause. That is why Menzies placed the authority, standards and traditions of Parliament squarely at the centre of the national governments that he led. The following is the Afterword to God & Menzies: The Faith that Shaped a Prime Minister and his Nation by David Furse-Roberts.. Robert Menzies claimed the prime ministership in 1939 and led the nation during the early years of the war, but resigned two years later when he lost the confidence of his party. Furse-Roberts shows at the very least that, even if Menzies was no Christian enthusiast in the evangelical mould, his world-view and vision for Australias future cannot be adequately explained without uncovering his deeply held conviction that Christianity is absolutely essential for democracy and a healthy civilisation. In 1944 he helped found the Liberal Party, which in terms of winning elections has been the most successful party in Australian federal politics. Underlying both arguments are the assumptions that, by trawling their early past, modern Liberals might learn that they have inherited some unfinished business, and that historians might learn that they havent started the business of taking the early Liberals seriously. In answering these questions, this book tells the story of how an insular society, deeply scarred by the turbulence of war, chose to face its regional future. And he would have been less embarrassing than another New South Wales candidate in 1949 who turned up to meetings smelling strongly of whisky and shouting abuse, and whose arrears of house rent had to be met by the state division. This analysis of former prime minister Robert Menzies and his era is based on new research. Reviews the workings and achievements of the Menzies government and presents a framework for assessing its historical importance and impact. Returned servicemen, with a sense of public duty, provided the recruits and the energy. The overwhelmingly Protestant party made no effort to recruit Catholics, and few joined. It is why he always insisted on adherence to the proper processes of Cabinet decisionmaking. Its mission, is our mission: "To uphold and promote Sir Robert's legacy and vision for Australia as a country of . The Forgotten Menzies makes an important contribution to the history of political thought and ideology in Australia, as to understanding the largely forgotten but rich intellectual origins of the Liberal Party. He began his undergraduate studies in transportation at Arizona State University. First, anticipating objections from the state divisions and drawing upon his experience of running Labors earlier campaigns, Rubensohn stressed that all advertising must be centrally controlled: otherwise, the effectiveness of topicality and manoeuvrability would be lost, and uncordinated advertising would merely help Labors campaign of exploiting real or imagined signs of disunity. Casey first met Rubensohn in June 1947, and soon developed a rapport with the man he described as a not very Jewish looking Jew. The book shows that these profound changes marked the start of Australia's political distancing from the region during the 1970s despite the intentions, efforts and policies of governments from Whitlam onwards to foster deeper engagement. With more than a dozen distinct languages, scripts and religions, India is . Robert Menzies Institute CEO Georgina Downer says the institute is important because Sir Robert Menzies is the "father of modern Australia". He held the office twice, from 1939 to 1941 and from 1949 to 1966. Despite considerable misgivings inside New South Wales, it was also understood that Menzies was the one person capable of leading this new party. Spooners approach, supported by the Victorian Liberals, brought him into conflict with R.G. When John Carrick, the New South Wales General Secretary, suggested that the party might issue a coloured pictorial of Menzies life, the Federal Director, Don Cleland, although arguing that an idea should not be condemned simply because it was novel, raised several financial objections, and one other: the proposal, he said, would be out of keeping with the character of Mr. Menzies. Menzies learnt from his difficult first term as prime minister to go on to achieve a sustained and strong hold on the leadership of his party, and the nation, for sixteen years. For example, it ditched a Victorian proposal to reinstate federalism by abolishing uniform taxation. Two of the new Liberals shared a surname. It must be stressed that the Hansen Rubensohn Company did not control the general direction of the partys advertising. An army major, serving with allied intelligence in the south-west Pacific in 1945, solicited Menzies help. At least everyone could agree on one thing: unseemly battles with the Country Party were counter-productive.
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