layne norton articles

Theoretically, it seems that maximising the anabolic response via eating, revolves around the leucine content of a protein containing meal, and the frequency of which such meal is eaten (i.e. Ultimately, the practise of ingesting BCAAs between meals is largely based on amino acid infusion data - that doesnt accurately represent oral protein ingestion and a heavily flawed piece of research by Paddon-Jones et al. There are many people I could have asked to be involved in this Q&A that I knew would have done a great job. Having nicely set the stage by taking a look at the topic ofmeal frequency, the information that follows will hopefully make a bit more sense. Intakes above this threshold (~8 g leucine) do not appear to have any further stimulatory effects on MPS. The second question refers primarily to digestion rates (i.e. For anyone looking for an evidence-based qualification to pursue, I'd highly recommend the looking into the course as it perfectly bridges the gap between a degree and becoming a solid practitioner. The second difference between the two programs is how much workout volume is required for each. Found inside Page 13Eric T Trexler, Abbie E Smith-Ryan & Layne E Norton. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition volume 11, Article number: 7 (2014). https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1550-2783-11-7 Accessed on April 04, If you have a history of shoulder problems, Id suggest avoiding barbell bench press. Unconventional Warfare (Special Forces, Book 1) Apparent lack of effects on LBM whilst dieting with reduced meal frequencies (i.e. If you have difficulty in reaching such intakes with solid proteins, opt for a decent whey protein concentrate or isolate in order to make up the difference. The Ultimate Layne Norton PHAT Workout To Gain Size and I doubt it, but I can always dream! However, my personal observations support my contention that they provide no benefit to those hoping for more muscle and less fat. Speaking of weight training, focus on adding manageable weight in the main compound movements. As a trainer, he has worked with numerous elite-level physique athletes including many top pros. Specifically, the claims behind the between-meal dosing of BCAAs and how this might positively impact on muscle hypertrophy were examined, as well as their potential benefits whilst dieting. Now, hes put everything hes learned together in one training program that works great for getting shredded, combining the strength progression of a bodybuilder and powerlifter all-in-one The PHAT Workout. However, in order for this post not to be too long, I narrowed it down to five people. View Profile View Forum Posts brothers Join Date: Oct 2010 Location: Fountain Valley, California, United States Posts: 2,845 . Combining cutting-edge research, with his hands-on patient experience and his years dedicated to analyzing studies of the worlds longest-lived populations, this explosive, groundbreaking book reveals the truth about the dangers of Favorite Supplement Scivation Xtend. Layne Norton, PhD. They said I had terrible genetics. Whats good about The PHAT Workout is provides you a complete training program with structure and progressive overload designed for you to get big and it delivers. Interview With Dr. Layne Norton Natural Pro Bodybuilder. This would also seem to be where the broscience myth of being only able to absorb 30g (or other random amount) of protein came from. Muscle Plan. He has been published or featured in virtually every major fitness magazine (including Muscle and Fitness, MuscleMag, Ironman, Oxygen, and Shape) andhas appeared on hundreds of television shows and radio programs across the United States. 'Remarkable and beautifully written . . . The opening volume of a truly original trilogy.' GUARDIAN Athlean-X Elast-X Resistance Bands Review (Worth it? at 93 kg), and a USAPL national record-holder in . As I feel that the available human data doesnt sufficiently answer the main question behind this article series, I will dig a little deeper and see if more mechanistic and theoretical arguments shed any more light on this matter. Tom has been writing articles since July 2014. Since I previously recommended an intake of between 2.5-3 g/kg of bodyweight for bodybuilders/strength athletes, using my body mass as an example (77 kg), this equates to a protein intake of between 192.5-231 g per day. The balance of power is one of the most influential ideas in international relations, yet it has never been comprehensively examined in pre-modern or non-European contexts. This book redresses this imbalance. Moreover, as discussed in my last article, given the apparent lack of difference in body composition with a decent protein intake spread over 3-4 meals compared with six meals, it is highly unlikely that a slight extension of MPS with a given meal will make any meaningful differences in terms of muscle mass accrual; it almost certainly wouldnt make a difference in terms of maintenance of muscle mass. Ah yes, the so-called 'secrets of success.' How much potential in bodybuilding has been wasted with competitors trying to find the 'magic formula' for the final week that would finally leave them shredded and full? Learn the best ways to increase strength, build muscle, and lose fat from EXPERIENCE! Energy restriction is accompanied by changes in circulating hormones, mitochondrial efficiency, and energy expenditure that serve to minimize the energy deficit, attenuate . BCAA) between meals. Now that Ive got that out of the way, meal frequency gets a little more complicated when talking of muscle gain; at least in theory. Layne is a pro bodybuilder, powerlifter and godfather of nutritional science (ps. so check it out. and is a Research and Development Consultant for Scivation. Layne Norton talks the talk and walks the walk. From there spread this intake evenly over the typical 3-4 meals, with two of these protein-containing meals placed within windows 90-120 minutes prior to and after weight training. Although some research will show that low reps, high weight is the best way to stimulate hypertrophy - emerging science is now showing that frequency of training muscles is also very important in overall lean . However, its no use having leucine to initiate protein synthesis if there is no protein (i.e. Filter by category Contest Prep (27) Inspiration (23) Lifestyle (8) Nutrition (89) Recipes (43) Research (27) Supplementation (14) Training (110) Research By: Layne Norton. Instead, Id urge you to save your money and invest in what delivers. ), Provide solid foundation of strength and conditioning, How to build muscle as fast as possible (no waiting for gains), The secret to year-round leanness so there are no surprises on the bathroom scale, How to make consistent strength increases at every gym session, Consume 0.8 to 1.2 grams of protein per 1 lb of body weight, Good protein sources include red meat eggs, cheese, and chicken, Consume 20-30% of total calories from healthy fats, Good fat sources include coconut butter, avocados, and extra virgin olive oil, Fill the rest of your calories with carbohydrates, Consume a minor caloric surplus of 200-400 calories above maintenance each day, Barbell Squat: 35 (90 secs rest between sets), Hack Squat: 28 (90 secs rest between sets), Leg Extensions: 28 (90 secs rest between sets), Barbell Deadlift: 35 (120 secs rest between sets), Lying Leg Curls: 28 (90 secs rest between sets), Calf Press: 38 (90 secs rest between sets), Seated Calf Raise: 28 (90 secs rest between sets), Hanging Leg Raise: 210 (60 secs rest between sets), Barbell Ab Rollout: 210 (60 secs rest between sets), Barbell Bench Over Row: 63 (30 secs rest between sets), Chin-Ups: 310 (90 secs rest between sets), Cable Seated Rows: 310 (90 secs rest between sets), Bent Over Dumbbell Row: 212 (90 secs rest between sets), Close Grip Lat Pulldown: 218 (90 secs rest between sets), Dumbbell Shoulder Press: 310 (90 secs rest between sets), Barbell Upright Row: 212 (90 secs rest between sets), Dumbbell Lateral Raise: 318 (90 secs rest between sets), Barbell Squat: 63 (30 secs rest between sets), Hack Squat: 310 (90 secs rest between sets), Leg Press: 212 (90 secs rest between sets), Leg Extensions: 318 (90 secs rest between sets), Lying Leg Curls: 212 (90 secs rest between sets), Standing Leg Curls: 218 (90 secs rest between sets), Calf Press: 412 (90 secs rest between sets), Seated Calf Raise: 318 (90 secs rest between sets), Dumbbell Bench Press: 63 (30 secs rest between sets), Dumbbell Incline Bench Press: 310 (90 secs rest between sets), Incline Bench Press Machine: 312 (60 secs rest between sets), Cable Incline Fly: 218 (90 secs rest between sets), Preacher Curl: 410 (90 secs rest between sets), Dumbbell Concentration Curls: 312 (90 secs rest between sets), Barbell Overhead Triceps Extension: 310 (90 secs rest between sets), Triceps Pushdown: 212 (90 secs rest between sets), Cable Triceps Kickback: 218 (90 secs rest between sets). PHD. Academic level. total protein spread evenly across six meals per day) would result in maximal rates of muscle mass accrual, then it raises the question, why doesnt reducing meal frequency appear to have a negative effect on LBM whilst dieting?. This time, it's one of me delivering a presentation rather than interviewing a fitness industry professional. Yes, if you think youd like a little guidance and tracking for this workout, the PHAT Workout Power Hypertrophy Adaptive Training app by App Diggity, LLC can help you out in the gym. It has been shown that in order for protein balance to become positive post workout, dietary protein, specifically the amino acid leucine, must be consumed. This book offers a clear focus on scientifically based sports nutrition advice to maximize performance. It also addresses exercise metabolism, which governs how nutrients exert physiologic effects that lead to increased athletic potential. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mCsUR6NoR7g. optimal MPS stimulation) but with greater caloric efficiency. Flexible dieting trend leaves room for doughnuts. $0.00 $ 0. Listen on Apple Podcasts // Spotify // CastBox // Overcast Welcome back everyone, I'm Brian Sanders and I quit my job and have dedicated my life to the investigation of nutrition and lifelong health. Intro. Though seemingly counter-intuitive, there is actually nothing incorrect about Aragon's claims, despite the criticisms of IF from many experts; the scientific data just isnt there (yet). It was created to promote muscle growth, without excess weight gain in the form of fat and water. With Nortons approach, youll gain strength so you can pack on the mass, and the mass will break plateaus. Since most people tend to eat their total daily protein across 3-4 meals, an important question is whether splitting an existing protein intake across an additional 2-3 meals, will provide any benefit in terms of muscular hypertrophy. Otherwise, you can use barbell on your strength days and dumbbell on your hypertrophy days to reap the benefits of both exercises. The mechanism to explain why this is the case involves BCAAs competing with tryptophan for entry into the brain, thereby reducing the production of a satiating neurotransmitter, serotonin. The PHAT Workout from Dr. Layne Norton is a comprehensive hybrid workout that combines the best principles from bodybuilding and powerlifting. At the moment, all we have for each of Layne Norton's upcoming Outwork Nutrition supplements is a preview image. Likewise, eating less than twice per day may compromise rates of muscle gain, however, no solid data exist to be make definitive conclusions. This is why intermittent fasting (LeanGains style) works very well for those looking to lose fat and retain muscle. Or, try this popular workout from bodybuilding guru Layne Norton - the PHAT program. Response To Layne Norton's Review of the Game Changers by Garth Davis, MD on November 21, 2019. It became the best selling I-Tunes pre-ordered movie and is trending like crazy on Netflix. Like my last post, this one will also be in the form of a video. See the above video to learn how to adjust your own nutrition plan. Physique Science Radio Episode 28 - Dr. Spencer Nadolsky - Does Your Dr. In the fitness industry, Layne Norton's made a name for himself thanks to his contest wins, his in-depth writing, and his popular podcast Physique Science Radio.. He's a bodybuilding and physique coach, professional powerlifter, and professional natural pro bodybuilder who has a BS in biochemistry and a Ph. In this final instalment, we dug deeper into the more theoretical arguments for BCCA supplementation. In 2004, Norton appeared in the Repetrope DVD Prime Cut Volume 1, and in 2011, he released the Layne Norton Unleashed DVD. It has been shown that even a modest meal (37g PRO, 75g CHO, 17g FAT) is still releasing nutrients in to the blood stream five hours later. Host on The Beauty and The Geek and Guest on The Art of Manliness, The Joe Rogan Experience, Swole Patrol, and Mind Pump: Raw Fitness Truth. He is a current IPF and USAPL world and national record-holder in squat (668 lb. Sidenote - the more money involved, the higher the risk of the resulting data being false. Oh, and did I mention he has his Ph D? For those of you who don't know him,Brad Schoenfeld, MSc, CSCS, CSPS, CPT is an internationally renowned fitness expert and widely regarded as one of the leading authorities on body composition training (muscle development and fat loss). It is further argued that because of this protein stat hypothesis - which indicates that an extracellular membrane-bound sensor is influenced by relative changes in amino acid concentrations as opposed to absolute concentrations - whole proteins dont elicit a rapid rise and subsequent fall in amino acid levels, unlike their free-form counterparts. Conversely, the satiating effects of whey protein are well documented. Certified as a strength and conditioning specialist by the NSCA and as a personal trainer by the ACSM, ACE, and CanFitPro,Brad was awarded the distinction of master trainer by IDEA Health and Fitness Association. However, like a complete protein, it also appears that an EAA mixture may optimise MPS. If you have a question or query, there's a strong chance you will find it here. And a demanding workout demands a demanding lifestyle (how many times can I say demanding?). But, just because you get bigger doesnt mean youll get stronger. To quote myself from my protein requirements article: The amount of muscle tissue in the human body remains fairly stable over time. Paul Kennedy's classic naval history, now updated with a new introduction by the author This acclaimed book traces Britain's rise and fall as a sea power from the Tudors to the present day. Weight reduction is common among athletes aiming to improve their strength-to-mass ratio, locomotive efficiency, or aesthetic appearance. 79 votes, 37 comments. Your information is. An explanation for this resistance to further stimulation of MPS comes from the protein stat hypothesis, which suggests that an extracellular (outside of the muscle cell) membrane-bound sensor is influenced by relative changes in amino acid concentrations as opposed to absolute concentrations. But unless it happens, I wouldnt recommend it to my clients. If the name Layne Norton doesn't ring a bell, allow me to elaborate further. However, it needs to be associated with other amino acids to be efficient (for example, through leucine-rich proteins).. Place your foot in the same place as for the side chest pose. Plus its available for both Android and iOS. It seems that everywhere you look, a new diet trend is promising to be the fastest and easiest way to lose weight. But what if there was a way you could build awesome strength without spending 5 days a week in the gym? The routine is longer than most typical gym workouts because it uses a blend of bodybuilding and powerlifting strategies aimed at building muscular size as well as impressive strength through high volume. However, when [resistance] exercise is introduced, it basically forces the body to store more protein (assuming sufficient protein and overall caloric intake that is).. seriously, if you want to know how to lift, you have to check this guy out!) 2manytoyz. Introducing the Fitness Guru Layne Norton. Therefore, logic would dictate that one should eat threshold amounts of protein as frequently as possible if the aim were to maximise MPS within a given 24 hour period. Found inside Page 141Once you've handpicked specific articles supporting IIFYM, you should be ready to dive in. You're not. Now it's 3:00 A.M. and you're halfway through Layne Norton confusing you on a twenty-five-minute-long YouTube video So if you eat protein at the beginning and end of the window, you're definitely going to have protein available in your system for the vast majority of the day. If you look at some of the biggest guys at your gym, you might notice that they dont mess around with trendy machines or bother with complicated exercises. Not only will this save you money, you will surpass the vast majority of people who use isolated BCAA supplements. From table 1 (in part 1), this would translate to 25-37.5 g of leucine-rich protein sources (e.g. "I read this book it worked. At the bottom end of this intake, 38.5 g of any high quality protein would adequately cover the upper-end of the 2-3 g leucine threshold for maximising the anabolic response to a given meal (see table 1). And frankly, it may be the last fitness book youll ever need to read. The Canuck: Layne Norton Reloaded. Even Lift? I thought the same thing until I learned about some progressive training and dieting tactics that allow average guys to pack on pounds of lean muscle CONSISTENTLY for months while living an awesome life and hanging out with friends. MAIN | NUTRITION | SUPP STACK | WATER & SODIUM | TRAINING & CARDIO | Day 1 - Upper Body (Strength) Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Bent Over Rows (3 x 3-5) For example, if muscle protein synthesis exceeds breakdown, there will be an increase in the amount of that protein. meal frequency; technically protein frequency). Layne Norton, PhD August 27, 2021 2 min read Training and cardio have brought your physique this far, but if you don't manage your workouts well during peak week, it could all be for naught. Thanks again, guys. I'd definitely like to see squats in there 2-3x per week tho. Though it is unknown whether moving to the optimal frequency would be of benefit, it seems unlikely in the real world; and if so, it may only benefit the elite physique athlete looking for that 1-2% over their competition. how long after a meal are nutrients (e.g. Can we tailor our lifestyles to support such an intense form of training? Norton is also a bodybuilding, Figure, and Physique coach. If you want to be muscular, lean, and strong as quickly as possible without steroids, good genetics, or wasting ridiculous amounts of time in the gym and money on supplementsthen you want to read this book. 1.4m members in the bodybuilding community. Therefore, you can see why splitting food intake into more meals will have no impact whatsoever on metabolic rate. The foundational concept of these books is understanding priorities and context, so you can take all the pieces of the puzzle and fit them together into an actionable plan. * Six sample routines to get you started quickly Six programs for But, he doesnt just talk about getting ripped, he lives the life. Layne Norton fat loss contradicts himself. The program itself already contains plenty of volume and frequency that you should be able to reap its benefits for months after starting as long as you fuel your body with a high quality diet. You cant just google workout routines and do the first thing that pops up everytime you go to the gym. Alongside his success as a competitor, Layne is also an esteemed scientist and doctor; having a Ph.D. in Nutritional Science. After she began writing for NoobGains, Natalie decided it was time to put in some real work towards her ultimate fitness goals, and she started the Kinobody Goddess Toning Program so she can achieve that slim and sexy look she's always dreamed of. As such, between-meal dosing is an extremely optimistic strategy, based on questionable theoretical evidence. See here for more information and to purchase a ticket! I hope Lanye starts to post here. Free with Kindle Unlimited membership Join Now. However these tissues are undergoing a continuous process of breakdown and resynthesis; these processes are referred to as protein turnover. News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to The protocol advised by Layne Norton involves using doses of BCAAs likely to maximally stimulate MPS (~4-6g) in between meals spaced 4-6 hours apart. Enter your email below and we'll send you a link to download the PHAT program. In other words, if your aim were to get 3g of leucine in a given meal, ingesting whole protein food such as whey would require about 25g (100kcal), whereas 6g (24kcal) of BCAAs would provide the same amount of leucine. We send out information regarding Layne's appearances, website content, and latest products. On days 1 and 2 of the training week, you will focus on upper and lower body exercises that will build strength through range of motion and stimulate greater muscle hypertrophy. Articles about Nutrition, Training, Supplements, and Fitness from Layne Norton and other experts from the fitness industry and academia. Our understanding of cancer is slowly undergoing a revolution, allowing for the development of more effective treatments. In part one of looking at what part BCAAs play in bodybuilders diets, I discussed what BCAAs are, their unique role in protein synthesis, as well as what foods they are contained in and in what percentages. Get it as soon as Fri, Nov 5. Coaching. About the Creator - Layne Norton. With the right workout, you can reach both goals of building mass and strength. What will basically happen is that things will short circuit, meaning that MPS may begin but then stop soon after. In part 2, the stage was set for the current article in where I discussed the issue of meal frequency, the conclusion of which is outlined at the beginning of this article. Incidentally, these recommendations of eating every 3/4-6 hours are similar to those of Layne Norton, who advocates consuming threshold doses of protein containing meals 4-6 hours apart, interspersed with a BCAA/CHO solution with the aim of circumventing this refractory phenomenon associated with MPS (more on this in the next article!). You can actually do that with something like this superhero bulking workout. Not really. A recent study assessed whether or not low carb diets that varied from 10-30% (10,15,20,25,30) of total calories from carbs had differential effects on glycemic control. But this program gives you a real-life approach to building a leaner, more muscular body without obsessing over fitness 24/7. As such, the caloric economy of BCAAs is their main attraction for dieters. The amount of muscle mass a person has depends on the long-term relationship between muscle protein breakdown and synthesis. So Layne Norton is highly qualified to introduce his newest training system: P.H.A.T. This resistance routine alternates power-focused and hypertrophy-focused gym sessions to stimulate muscle development. Whats going on? Then we also detail the MOST IMPORTANT behaviors, methods, and traits for losing weight and KEEPING IT OFF.This book is for everyone who wants to lose weight and keep it off, especially for those frustrated and hopeless chronic dieters As a scholar, Brad has published over 40 peer-reviewed journal articles in exercise and sports nutrition and serves as the Assistant Editor-in-Chief to the Strength and Conditioning Journal. As such, it would appear that maximising daily dietary-induced muscle protein synthesis (MPS) would yield the greatest benefit in terms of maximising the potential for muscle gain. SUPER SQUATSthe runaway #1 bestseller at IRONMAN books every single month since it was added to the list! "SUPER SQUATS" is, quite simply, the best book ever written in the field of muscle building. Boasting 100 exercises and 104 variations, the new edition of Bodybuilding Anatomy is the ultimate guide to gaining mass and sculpting your physique. Norton is also a bodybuilding, Figure, and Physique coach. So, with all things considered, I think that a minimum of three protein feedings per day would be ideal and easily achievable for >99.9% of people looking to optimally gain muscle mass. Favorite Exercise Squat or Deadlift. 7d deadline. Categories. We earn commissions when you purchase through these links. You can use this app to stay on track with each workout and keep your motivation up when things get difficult. D'Agostino chips in, ' even in cancer!' as if that's surprising. For the love of god this guy is a tool. . Layne Norton was born in the United States on December 15, 1981. What if you could build noticeable muscle size with just a handful of exercises at each gym session? Coauthored with Jeff OConnell, health journalist and editor-in-chief at Bodybuilding.com (the worlds largest fitness website), the book delivers a payoff that goes beyond six-pack abs and flab-free pecs: This is a fitness plan that It would appear that increasing the frequency of which these maxmimal stimulations of MPS occur (i.e. It is worth highlighting that these hypotheses were developed using rodent models based on acute human data by Paddon-Jones et al. If this person trained four times per week, this would be a saving of 720kcal per week, just over 100 kcal per day. In repeated personal communication, he has admitted to me that this tactic is done in attempt to clinch a very small edge to win. D in nutritional sciences. It is my contention that as long as sufficient amounts of high quality protein are consumed, then spreading protein intake from 3-4 meals to 6 meals is a waste of time and effort for the vast majority of people. So join me as I take you step-by-step through five videos telling you everything you need to know about nutrition, water and sodium, weight training and cardio, posing, and stage presencethe five pillars of competition success. The first question is getting at how long it takes for the processes discussed above to reset, before a subsequent meal will max out MPS. Dr. Jason Fung has done it again. In easy to follow, simple steps and rules, Dr. Fung gives you the tools to rid yourself of diabetes forever. Get this book! Dr. Within the article Layne advocates tracking your calories and macros. In the presentation, I discuss the tools available for recognising and avoiding 'broscience' and talk through some popular examples in the fitness industry, picking them apart from several angles. If it were true that maximising MPS following the protocols outlined above (i.e. For this reason, I dont see any reason for meal frequency to be higher than the typical 3-4 meals per day for most people seeking optimal rates of muscle gain. However, this isnt the case due to a process called diurnal cycling, whereby net protein synthesis following a meal is matched by an increased protein breakdown when food is not being consumed diurnal cycling tends to keep the body at a stable amount of muscle mass. If youre a complete beginner and you follow the PHAT workout consistently while maintaining at least a minor caloric surplus, you should expect to gain 5 lbs of muscle or more within 6 months as a conservative result. Data from rodent and human amino acid infusion studies have demonstrated that MPS lasts for approximately two hours before returning to baseline, despite elevated amino acid levels in the blood. Is there any data to support this theory? This book explains the sources of arsenic to paddy soils and the biogeochemical processes and plant physiological attributes of paddy soil-rice ecosystems that lead to high concentrations of arsenic in rice grain. It was Dr. Layne Norton who originally popularised the notion of consuming free-form amino acids (e.g. When you want to build mass, you have to lift heavy and have a diet that supports growth. 02-10-2009, 06:12 PM. The 2011 NSCA Personal Trainer of the Year is a lifetime drug-free bodybuilder who has won numerous natural bodybuilding titles, including the All Natural Physique and Power Conference (ANPPC) Tri-State Naturals and USA Mixed Pairs crowns. Layne Norton is a pretty popular dude in the bodybuilding realm, known for being 'natural' and possessing a PhD in nutritional sciences and a BS in biochemistry. Concept of the anabolic drive and hidden signaling pathways involved in protein turnover and AA oxidation. As such, consuming sufficient whole protein the majority of the time and then replacing around-workout whey protein with BCAAs may also have the intended benefit (i.e. Here are just a few things youll discover inside the program: We have a VERY detailed Superhero X12 review where we investigate EVERY. This is half of the upper end of what I advocate for strength/power athletes, and is also on the low side of the already conservative values cited inresearch. Not only is he a professional bodybuilder in the IFPA and the NGA, but he has a BS in Biochemistry, a PhD in Nutritional Sciences, owns his own training and nutrition business (BioLayne,LLC.)
Are Bears Endangered 2021, Is Love Nikki Shutting Down, Larimer County Rescue, Expat Population In Oman 2021, Whitestone Bridge Shooting Today, Asteroid Tracker Live, Aquaculture Research Topics, ,Sitemap,Sitemap