Those are all odd and should be further analyzed. -d: decode data. [11], Rover automatically searches for files on local drives based on a predefined list of file extensions and sends them to the command and control server every 60 minutes. MITRE ATT&CK Framework: Everything You Need to Know Digital Guardian is now a part of HelpSystems. Exfiltration Over C2 Channel, Technique T1041 - MITRE ATT&CK The technique of data exfiltration and extortion during ransomware attacks demonstrates how threat actors continue to find new and destructive ways to target victims, earn money for their efforts, and coerce victims to pay. In part two of a three part series, Tim Bandos, Digital Guardian's VP of Cybersecurity, describes how to best leverage MITRE's Attack Framework for threat hunting. The first place I like to take a look at are my top talkers. GReAT. The evaluation results are available to the public, so other organizations may provide their own analysis and interpretation - these are not endorsed or validated by MITRE. Data Protection from Insider Threats - Page 69 Forensic evidence of USB usage is also stored in the registry. Introduction to Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocols 3:15. .002 : Exfiltration Over Asymmetric Encrypted Non-C2 Protocol : Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an asymmetrically encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel. PDF Stealthwatch MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Mapping Alternative protocol 27:09. The aim is to put together a complete, logical attack that moves through all the stages of a comprehensive, successful attack from initial compromise to persistence, lateral movement, data exfiltration, and so on. What is the MITRE ATT&CK Framework? | Splunk The MITRE ATT&CK Framework: Impact. Data Exfiltration Definition & Examples | Awake Security Operation Windigo the vivisection of a large Linux serverside credentialstealing malware campaign. MITRE ATT&CK tactics: Initial Access, Lateral Movement, Exfiltration. The MITRE ATT&CK framework is a global knowledge base hub for documenting various tactics and techniques that hackers use throughout the different stages of a cyberattack. Used to streamline sending data from an infected system . October 11, 2021 5 Minutes. Threat actors will commonly stage their data in a hidden or temporary directory so seeing this paired with the lazy naming convention of that file is enough to sound the alarms. In cases where data is being exfiltrated over the network, having a network intrusion detection or prevention system in place can help identify when data is being transferred. It's critical that you collect all types of log sources so that QRadar can provide the information that you need to protect your organization and . If you have done this, then welcome to the major leagues. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server. When custom protocols are in use, defenders can leverage . they are not concerned or impacted by encrypted files or data loss) are opting to pay a ransom. Give your Security Operations Center (SOC) a fighting chance to find threats before they turn into a breach. Unrecognized processes or scripts that appear to be traversing file systems and sending network traffic may be suspicious. (2019, June 4). Because its a legitimate, Microsoft signed tool which allows them to blend in. Retrieved June 24, 2019. The MITRE ATT&CK framework is a depository of cyberattack behaviors based on real-world observations of adversaries' behaviors that are categorized by tactics and techniques.. Yonathan Klijnsma. Bretnor covers "Vulnerability and the Equations of War," "Destructive Forces and the Equations of War," "Time and the Equations of War," "The Critical Imbalance," and "The Optimum Response." MITRE is in the process of addressing this well-known Each of these processes can be broken down even further as well by items like Source File Extension, if searching for archives being exfiltrated, or even process directory which can be interesting if theyre ran from suspicious locations. Found inside Page xxvii1 Lockheed-Martin first published its cybersecurity kill chain in 2011; the MITRE Corporation, a federally funded with: prestrike planning and the enterprise-level targeted strikes at your systems, your data, and your mission. Retrieved September 22, 2016. In this post, we will address some of the MITRE ATT&CK's Exfiltration techniques and tactics, from an attacker's point of view, that may be used to extract some of the data classifications listed above. VirusTotal has a detection ratio of 34 out of 67 for this being a malicious file. At this global manufacturer, he built and managed the companys incident response team. It is important to note the OneDrive account used by MITRE Redteam was unknown to the . [18], Tropic Trooper has used a copy function to automatically exfiltrate sensitive data from air-gapped systems using USB storage. Lets start off with selecting a couple of techniques from the ATT&CK Framework to hunt for Command and Control activity; aka malicious network traffic. The book is an anthology of hand-picked articles written on Tibetan refugees' livelihood in exile. Each writer did a thorough research and their work clearly reflects their hardwork, unique in its own way. This open access book provides the first comprehensive collection of papers that provide an integrative view on cybersecurity. It discusses theories, problems and solutions on the relevant ethical issues involved. Complete with practical examples and tips, this easy-to-follow guide will help you enhance your security skills by leveraging the Elastic Stack for security monitoring, incident response, intelligence analysis, or threat hunting. Weve probably all seen this trick - where executables are attempted to be named as legitimate applications to fool the end user - a boatload of times. First though, we need to set up a filter on our data. MITRE ATT&CK Tactics. This book is a comprehensive guide for organizations on how to prepare for cyber-attacks and control cyber threats and network security breaches in a way that decreases damage, recovery time, and costs, facilitating the adaptation of Below, we see psexec.exe running from a c:\temp\32bit, c:\programdata, and a c:\misc. In Round 1, MITRE chose to emulate attacks used by APT3. Some endpoint tools can control how external drives are used; however, in Windows, it is quite simple to lock down external drive access via USB. A Defender for Identity Data exfiltration over SMB alert is triggered when suspicious transfers of data are observed from your monitored domain controllers. McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. 49% . Found inside Page 207Table 7-2 shows tactics in the MITRE ATT&CK framework with the SOC can hunt on when new indicators are published. kill chain Initial Access Command and Control (C2) Persistence Lateral Movement Data Exfiltration PowerShell Beaconing Bilodeau, O., Bureau, M., Calvet, J., Dorais-Joncas, A., Lveill, M., Vanheuverzwijn, B. Faou, M. (2019, May). Figure 12: Summary of MITRE ATT&CK Tactics and Techniques Leveraged During the LockBit Attack. This video introduces MITRE's Exfiltration Tactic and the two Techniques demonstrated in this course. Since Digital Guardian is known for being a DLP company, it of course makes sense to also highlight data exfiltration hunting! This is when I take a deep breath and get secretly excited. Retrieved January 4, 2017. Found inside Page 116As the Intellectual Property values of companies increase, Data Leakage Prevention (DLP) systems are also widely used [6,7] In recent years, security practitioners use MITRE's Adversarial Tactics, Techniques, and Common Knowledge Retrieved July 20, 2020. If your organization deals with highly sensitive data, then limiting access to external drives should be something thats on your radar. Non . What Youll Learn Create comprehensive assessment and risk identification policies and procedures Implement a complete vulnerability management workflow in nine easy steps Understand the implications of active, dormant, and carrier A cross-walk of CAR, Sigma, Elastic Detection, and Splunk Security Content rules in terms of their coverage of ATT&CK Techniques and Sub-techniques. This data can be exported to a CSV file, which allows users to read the data using spreadsheet software such as Excel, Numbers, or Calc. StrongPity APT - Revealing Trojanized Tools, Working Hours and Infrastructure. MITRE ATT&CK: Exfiltration 3m. Data Encoding Exfiltration Over Command and Control Channel Disk Structure Wipe Spearphishing Link Dynamic Data Exchange Authentication Package DLL Search Order Hijacking CMSTP Credentials in Files File and Directory . [7], Honeybee performs data exfiltration is accomplished through the following command-line command: from (- --).txt. Ransomware, for example, usually has no interest in . To properly address this tactic, you first need to know where your organizations critical data resides. Found insidePart V: Appendices Appendix A: MITRE ATT&CK Tactics This appendix details the complete list of TTPs available in the Appendix F: Data Exfiltration This appendix addresses an in-depth analysis of tactics and subtactics of the data (be careful here because this is easy to obfuscate with an extension name change), Selling Data Classification to the Business. Data loss remains a growing threat for organizations of any size. This is when an adversary is trying to steal data, typically falling in the latter stages of a cyber attack (known as the 'cyber kill chain'). Use case: Detecting data exfiltration using Log360. The first one that jumps out would be that ffftp.exe program since its oddly named but as it turns out, its legitimate (#boring). This analysis is normally done by capturing and analyzing traffic on the wire or from previously collected packet capture. For USB devices, the first time the device was plugged in, the last time it was plugged in and the last time it was removed are all stored within the HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Enum\USBSTOR section of the registry. Data is encrypted before being exfiltrated in order to hide the information that is being exfiltrated from detection or to make the exfiltration less conspicuous upon inspection by a defender. Some data may enable further attacks, like collecting credentials from logs. Aggregating on the process path may yield a few suspicious directories that require some additional investigation. 2.1. The framework is a matrix of different cyberattack techniques sorted by different tactics. Retrieved May 12, 2020. When cyber criminals target organizational IT, we know their ultimate goal is going to be data exfiltration. An expert in incident response and threat hunting, he has over 15 years of experience in the cybersecurity realm at a Fortune 100 company with a heavy focus on Internal Controls, Incident Response & Threat Intelligence. Found insideOne good OS-specific reference is offered by MITRE: http://nvd.nist.gov/cce/index.cfm.Other endpoint and host security solutions Data exfiltration is a huge problem, and companies need policies and procedures to deal with it. Operation Transparent Tribe. One of the most effective methods Ive used for years is baselining PsExec activity. Only system-level accounts can access this data when the machine is booted, so you need a tool like Tripwire Enterprise to copy the registry file for offline analysis to see this level of data. During this very in-depth 3-day assessment, our EDR solution, together with our MDR service, were tested against emulated attack techniques of the APT29 threat group. Coming across this type of behavior always gives me an Uh Oh moment. Ransomware, for example, usually has no interest in exfiltrating data. External log sources feed raw events to the QRadar system that provide different perspectives about your network, such as audit, monitoring, and security. Retrieved September 13, 2019. [6], Gamaredon Group has used modules that automatically upload gathered documents to the C2 server. Once it is here, you can follow CIS Control 14, Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know, to secure it. May 27, 2020. The Data Exfiltration vector evaluates how well your DLP solutions and controls prevent any extraction of critical information by employing multiple methods of extraction used by threat actors and by employees who may not be aware that they are violating compliance and internal security policies. I'll demonstrate how to add it to your data visualizations and power your most effective cybersecurity strategy. Watch Your Containers: Doki Infecting Docker Servers in the Cloud. Explore the uses of Python for data exfiltration. Alternate protocols include FTP, SMTP, HTTP/S, DNS, SMB, or any other network . mikestokkel Blog. Analytic Coverage Comparison. Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol. MITRE developed ATT&CK as a model to document and track various techniques attackers use throughout the different stages of a cyberattack to infiltrate your network and exfiltrate data. Tudorica, R. et al. These methods are not unique to the mainframe and are all detailed in the MITRE ATTCK Framework to . Hunting for Lateral Movement activity is one of my favorite techniques to identify. In fact, for some tactics, the attack leveraged multiple techniques to accomplish that phase of the kill chain which is explained below. Created in 2013 by the MITRE Corporation, a not-for-profit organization that works with government agencies, industry and academic institutions, the framework is a globally accessible knowledge base that provides a . So how are security teams dealing with these today? Retrieved January 27, 2021. Calvet, J. Using this framework in addition to Ekran System will help you . Found inside Page 14624, in which STIX describes a particular indicator (intrusion detection rule) for data exfiltration. Particularly relevant to CyGraph models is STIX support for chaining of attacks (The MITRE Corporation, 2016). Common targets include financial records, customer information, and . Windows encoding/decoding. [15][16], TajMahal has the ability to manage an automated queue of egress files and commands sent to its C2. [12], ShimRatReporter sent collected system and network information compiled into a report to an adversary-controlled C2. The MITRE ATT&CK framework is a useful knowledge base that systematizes information about tactics and techniques used by cyber attackers for penetrating enterprise networks. Stolen data is encoded into the normal communications channel using the same protocol as command and control communications. Threat Hunting with MITREs ATT&CK Framework: Part 1, An Interview with Ben McGraw, Cybersecurity Manager at Digital Guardian Part I, Podcast: The Benefits of Threat Hunting featuring Tim Bandos and Paul Roberts, An Interview with Ben McGraw, Cybersecurity Manager at Digital Guardian Part II, Source file extensions equal .rar, .7z, .zip, .tar, .cab, etc. This edited volume features a wide spectrum of the latest computer science research relating to cyber deception. In todays blog, Id like to walk through three hunting use cases: Command & Control, Lateral Movement, and Data Exfiltration. MITRE ATT&CK Navigator for CyberRes ArcSight Products. Costs of Attacks. Found insideFound at cve.mitre.org/; attack.mitre.org/ 7. Microsoft used to send out their patches to K. Chen, D. Skillicorn, X. Li, Reversing the asymmetry in data exfiltration, CoRR, abs/1809.04648, 2018. 11. M. Campobasso and L. Allodi, An accompanying blog post describes these changes as well as improvements across ATT&CK's various . An adversary may compress and/or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration. Tropic Troopers Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. MITRE ATT&CK Matrix Account enumeration reconnaissance: 2003: Medium: Discovery: Active Directory attributes reconnaissance (LDAP) 2210: Medium: Discovery: Data exfiltration over SMB: 2030: High: Exfiltration, Lateral movement, Command and control: Exchange Server Remote Code Execution (CVE-2021-26855) 2414: High: Lateral movement . Detection of exfiltration of possible confidential data via print media. Rover also automatically sends keylogger files and screenshots to the C2 server on a regular timeframe. Once they've collected data, adversaries often package it to avoid detection while removing it. When automated exfiltration is used, other exfiltration techniques likely apply as well to transfer the information out of the network, such as Exfiltration Over C2 Channel and Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol. Hackers are going to use native tools available on the system before getting to more complex methods - especially if those tools are also ubiquitous on Windows/Linux where most will be more familiar. T1020 - Automated Exfiltration T1030 - Data Transfer Size Limits T1040 - Network Sniffing T1048 - Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol T1059 - Command and Scripting Interperter T1071.001 - Application Layer Protocol: Web Protocols T1071.002 - Application Layer Protocol: File Transfer Protocols T1105 - Ingress Tool Transfer T1204 - User Execution Data exfiltration also comes later in the attacker tactics on the MITRE ATT&CK Framework after discovery, lateral movement, collection, etc. Found inside Page 217To reach their goals, APTs follow a specific attack path [3] involving several steps, such as social intelligence to identify easy victims inside the target, malicious files delivering, data exfiltration, etc. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server. Not sure if it gets any easier than this. Especially in the case when attackers are stealing large amounts of data, such as a customer database. Looking at the forensic details for this event, we see the source file is named 123.rar and its going directly to an IP address (forgive the redaction) over FTP. [14], StrongPity can automatically exfiltrate collected documents to the C2 server. Tactics, here, answer the question of what objective the attacker wanted to achieve. Unauthorized transfers can be manually or automatically conducted through a network, with the help of malicious programs. There are other aspects of USB usage that are also stored in the registry which will be covered in a later incident response blog post. Having these signatures pre-defined and applied to your data will make this task simple when youre seeing a ton of ATT&CK techniques triggering on a device during the lateral movement phase. COSMICDUKE Cosmu with a twist of MiniDuke. In this case were going to want to immediately check out what p.exe is up too. 5 videos. Python for exfiltration. Data exfiltration hunting isnt always going to be this effortless, but developing signatures to detect various types of events such as the one above will make your hunt a bit easier, especially when youre able to pair this information with source process name/directory/command line etc.
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